What (Exactly) Is Research Methodology?
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What are research methodologies?
When students come across asking “what are research methodologies” we try to answer it in the simplest form. In short, research methodology is the systematic design of research to gain reliable and valid results to address the research aims and objectives.
Now, the researcher decides on the overall methodology by considering the following points –
- What data he must collect?
- What will be the sources of data collection (primary/secondary or both)
- Techniques of data collection (data collection methods)
- Tools to analyze the data (data analysis methods)
In the chapter on research methodology, all of these factors are covered in more depth with comprehensive explanations of why these tools were selected. See, it’s not easy to select any methods of your choice, but the main battle is to justify why the selected methods are the best fit for the current research aim and objectives. The task is not over yet!! A first-class research methodology must derive valid and reliable findings, otherwise, your thesis may not stand out as one of the bests.
Let us shed some more light on the various data collection methods that can be suitably applied concerning your research aim and objectives.
Quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods – yes, these are the various methods of data collection that have their respective functioning. Let’s have a closer look at it.
While the quantitative methods mainly deal with statistics and numbers, qualitative research is focused on the narrative descriptions of the participants. Qualitative data is useful for recording narrative data that allows for the exploration of the experiences and concepts by adding a better description to them. Alternatively, quantitative methods are useful for recording data of a large sample size to measure the variables systematically.
Lastly, the mixed method approach refers to the combined application of both qualitative and quantitative methods in an attempt to create better perspectives and strong evidence.
So when we are discussing the data collection methods, the selection of sample (research participants) plays a crucial role here!! To be precise, sampling design is all about identifying the correct source from which you are going to collect the data. In research methodology, we generally deploy two main categories of sampling denoted as probability and non-probability sampling. It depends upon you, so select any one of the two after gaining complete knowledge about it.
Probability sampling is about the selection of interested people or groups randomly. But, the selection of the sample randomly will lead to a generalized result for the study. In fact, in random probability sampling, you are more likely to get the same results across the whole sample population as they will not be questioned individually.
On the other hand, non-probability or purposive sampling is a more specific and subjective method of sample selection. It enables the researcher to select people who are closely associated with the research objectives to attain more specific results.
Next comes the most interesting part of the research methodology i.e. the data collection tools as mentioned below-
- Interviewing the participants (it can be structured, unstructured or semi-structured)
- Group interviews (often known as focus interviews)
- Surveys (that can be both physical or online surveys)
- Documents and records
- Observations
- Case studies
Understand, none of these methods is difficult to process, rather it is entirely upon you how you would like to plan your thesis writing. But make sure, the data collection method you choose must appropriately align with the overall research aims and objectives, resource constraints and other relevant practicalities.
Next, we can have a short review of the data analysis part considering the various options available-
- Thematic analysis
- Qualitative content analysis
- Narrative analysis
- Discourse analysis
- Grounded theory
Again, the choice of selecting the appropriate data collection method simply depends on the overall research aims and objectives along with the related practicalities.
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